Contents
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Ibn Khaldun: Models of Agrarian Economies and Social Organization Ibn Khaldun: Models of Agrarian Economies and Social Organization
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Desert Civilization Desert Civilization
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Economic Structure Economic Structure
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Social and Political Structure Social and Political Structure
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Sedentary Civilization Sedentary Civilization
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Economy Economy
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Social and Political Structure Social and Political Structure
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The Pashtuns The Pashtuns
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Who Is a Pashtun? Who Is a Pashtun?
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Political Leadership as a Product of Pashtun Tribal Dynamics Political Leadership as a Product of Pashtun Tribal Dynamics
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Egalitarian Pashtun Tribes Egalitarian Pashtun Tribes
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Hierarchical Pashtun Tribes Hierarchical Pashtun Tribes
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Implications for Leadership War and Peace Implications for Leadership War and Peace
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Some thoughts on the Resurgent Taliban and their War of Religion Some thoughts on the Resurgent Taliban and their War of Religion
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Notes Notes
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4 Weapons of the Not So Weak in Afghanistan: Pashtun Agrarian Structure and Tribal Organization
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Published:January 2014
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Abstract
This chapter examines the classical model of interaction between a subsistence-based agrarian (and pastoral) society and one based on irrigated agriculture and cities as propounded by medieval Arab social theorist and historian Ibn Khaldum. Ibn Khaldum contended that desert civilizations must have predated sedentary ones because they were less complex socially and simpler economically. Although Afghanistan fits the model well, further reading unveils how modification is needed to explain the rise of the more hierarchical tribal organization that was characteristic of the ruling dynasties. Pashtun is depicted by three ideal criteria of identity; Pashtun decent, speaking Pashto, and conducting life in accord with Pashtun cultural code of values. In conclusion, the author frames Taliban successful expansion into Pashtun areas by allowing the leaders to retain their local powers under Taliban administration and causing an environment of anarchy.
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