Traversing the Line
Traversing the Line
Border Crossers and Alien Smugglers
This chapter discusses inconsistencies of border enforcement at the southern U.S. border and the way in which Chinese smugglers blazed illegal pathways across the Arizona and California lines. The backdoor route was so successful that it spurred American politicians to seek a diplomatic solution to end illegal entry of Chinese at the country's northern and southern borders, although Canada was more inclined than Mexico to accommodate American requests. By the turn of the twentieth century, enforcing Chinese exclusion laws remapped the U.S.–Mexico borderlands on the basis of a new sense of territoriality.
Keywords: U.S. border, border enforcement, Chinese smugglers, illegal immigration, Chinese exclusion laws, U.S.–Mexico borderlands, territoriality
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