National Risorgimento, the Piedmontese Solution and the Origins of Italian Monarchical Subjecthood (1859–1866)
National Risorgimento, the Piedmontese Solution and the Origins of Italian Monarchical Subjecthood (1859–1866)
This chapter details the genesis and first characteristics of the national civic bond that united the peoples of the peninsula following the unification of Italy under the Savoy monarchy. Focusing on the period from 1859 to 1866, it examines the birth of Italian monarchical subjecthood within the context of national Risorgimento; it outlines the peculiar civic divisions that persisted-during the first years of unified Italy-through the regional application of specific pre-unification citizenship norms; and it then discusses the first post-unification Civil Code, introduced to consolidate nation-statehood with peninsulawide citizenship rules. In the course of the discussion, it also highlights the use of jus sanguinis and jus soli in Italy, and includes a comparison with contemporary Germany. Finally, drawing on current scholarship about racial thinking, it enriches the analysis with references to domestic racial discourse on Southern Italians as “internal Others” within a unified country.
Keywords: Italian citizenship, monarchical subjecthood, Civil Code, jus sanguinis, jus soli, Risorgimento, nation-statehood, internal Others, Southern Italians, italianità
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