New Networked Technonationalism in China
New Networked Technonationalism in China
Diaspora and “Mass” Entrepreneurship
Features of China’s networked technonationalism (NTN) include aggressive science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education and entrepreneurship policies. Further, the biomedical industry has been identified by political and economic leaders as a “strategic emerging industry” and has become a focal point of state-led economic development. In contrast to Japan’s insular and closed (“sticky”) domestic knowledge and business networks, since the 1970s China’s expatriate and diaspora returnee communities and active inward FDI have contributed to evolving globally competitive business networks. Over time, China used its growing domestic market as a lure to foreign firms from which technology appropriation can occur. However, China’s population size and urban-rural disparities mean that egalitarian redistribution of new wealth has not been guaranteed in this system. Further, introduction of Western chemical pharmaceuticals threaten traditional medicine and therapies.
Keywords: Open Door, networked technonationalism, STEM policies, strategic emerging industry, diaspora networks, techno-warrior, Deng Xiaoping, returnee, 863 Torch Program, genomics
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